이장희의 스케치 여행 - 창경궁 (역사공부) - Changgyeonggung Palace








Today its main points of interest are as follows

  • Honghwamun (main gate) - The palace's main gate faces eastward like the central part of the palace. First built in 1484, it burned down during the Japanese invasion of 1592 and was rebuilt in 1616. A ball pavilion (sipjagak) was built on either side of this two-tiered wooden gate. As you pass through the gate, Okcheongjo Bridge comes into view. Between the arches under the bridge's parapet are carved goblins (dokkaebi) that are intended to ward off evil spirits. Okcheongjo Bridge was built approximately 500 years ago and serves as a symbolic entry to the courtyard. Honghwamun is designated as National Treasure 384.

  • Okcheongyo (bridge) - The bridge was built in 1483. It is 9.9 meters long by 6.6 meters wide and supported by twin arches. Between the arches under the bridge's parapet are carved goblins (dokkaebi) that are intended to ward off evil spirits. Okcheongjo Bridge serves as a symbolic entry to the courtyard. Okcheongyo Bridge is designated as National Treasure 386.


  • Myeongjeongjeon (main hall) - Myeongjeongjeon is the main hall of the palace, where state affairs such as meetings with officials and royal banquets were held. First built in 1484, it was burned down during the Japanese invasion of 1592. Rebuilt in 1616, it is the oldest main hall of all the palaces in Seoul. It is smaller than the two-story main halls of Gyeongbokgung and Changdeokgung because it was originally built as living quarters, especially for dowager queens, rather than as a throne hall. Although it is a simple, one-story structure, Myeongjeongjeon was built on an elevated stone yard that imbued it with the dignity of a main hall. Running through the courtyard in front is a three-level walkway whose center path was for the king's use only. Surrounding the entire area is a wall-like structure of single-room units which were used by the royal guards or for royal funerals. Myeongjeongjeon is designated as National Treasure 226.


  • Munjeongjeon (council hall) - Munjeongjeon is a council hall where the king dealt with routine state affairs. Unlike the throne hall, which faces east, this building faces south. Such a palace layout with a secondary structure facing a different direction than a throne hall is highly unusual in Korea. Munjeongjeon was also used to enshrine royal tablets after funerals. It was dismantled during the Japanese occupation. Munjeongjeon as it stands today was restored in 1986 along with Munjeongjeon Gate and the eastern part of the roofed corridor. According to the nineteenth-century "Painting of the Eastern Palace", Munjeongjeon was partitioned from Sungmundang and Myeongjeongjeon by a wall, and had a small annex; the courtyard was surrounded by a wall-like corridor. This part has not yet been restored.


  • On May 13, 1762, that courtyard in front of Munjeongjeon witnessed the most tragic incident of the century. It had been reported to King Yeongjo that Crown Prince Sado was mentally ill and behaving erratically. Furious with the Prince, his father ordered him to be sealed alive in a large rice chest, where he died eight days later at the age of 28. King Yeongjo later became remorseful and gave his son the posthumous title 'Sado' ("thinking in sorrow"). It is often believed that Crown Prince Sado was a victim of a conspiracy by his political adversaries, but this is refuted in the Memoirs of Lady Hyegyeong, which was written by Prince Sado's wife Lady Hyegyeong.



  • Sungmundang (hall) - At Sungmundang Hall, the king threw banquets to discuss state affairs and classical literature. It is believed to have been built under King Gwanghaegun when Changgyeonggung was first rebuilt. Burned down in 1830, it was rebuilt in autumn of the same year. Its foundation was designed to make the hall appear elevated on sloped ground; the base stones for the front columns were made high, while those in the rear were made low. The name of the building "Sungmundang" written by King Yeongjo still hangs at the entrance.


  • Haminjeong (pavilion) - First built in 1633 on the former site of Inyangjeon Hall, Haminjeong was destroyed by fire in 1830 and rebuilt in 1833. The king used this pavilion to receive officials and hold banquets. Haminjeong today is open on all four sides, but as depicted in "Painting of the Eastern Palace", it had walls on three sides.


  • Gyeongchunjeon (hall) - built in 1483, destroyed in 1592, rebuilt in 1616, burnt down in 1830 and again rebuilt in 1834. King Jeongjo and King Heonjong were born here.


  • Hwangyeongjeon (hall) - first built in 1484 during the reign of King Seongjong, destroyed in 1592, rebuilt in 1616, burnt down in 1830 and again rebuilt in 1834.


  • Tongmyeongjeon (hall) - first built in 1484, rebuilt most recently in 1834; main building in the Yeonjo area where kings and their families lived.


  • Chundangji (two ponds) - constructed in 1909, with 366-square-meter island and bridge added in 1984. The smaller pond is 1,107 square meters and the larger one is 6,483 square meters. Centre




○ 일제 때 파괴되고 맥 끊기고 

가을 햇살이 삼삼한 창경궁의 너른 마당인 조정(朝庭)을 지나 정전(正殿·임금이 조회를 하며 정사를 처리하는 장소)인 명정전에 다다랐다. 이곳에서 보이는 복도각(건물들 사이를 연결하는 지붕이 있는 통로)의 움직임은 창경궁만의 매력적인 요소다. 영역을 분리하는 기본적인 기능 외에도 전통 건축이 보여줄 수 있는 다양한 느낌을 선사하고 있다. 나는 명정전에서 문정전으로 이어지는 복도각이 끝나는 문정전의 디딤돌에 앉아 스케치를 시작했다.  

창경궁은 1484년 성종 때 만들어졌다. 다른 궁궐들과 마찬가지로 임진왜란 때 모두 불타 없어진 것을 광해군 7년인 1615년부터 재건했다. 하지만 그 뒤에도 몇 차례 화재가 발생해 명정전을 비롯한 몇 건물만 남았다. 창경궁은 일제강점기 때 가장 크게 훼손됐던 궁궐 중 하나이기도 하다. 일제는 궁 안의 건물들을 헐어 내고 동물원과 식물원을 조성해 일반인에게 개방했다. 이름도 창경궁에서 창경원으로 격하시켰다. 창경궁과 종묘 사이에 도로(현재 율곡로)를 내 맥을 끊기도 했다. 
○ 조금씩 과거에 다가서는 창경궁 

광복 이후 1980년대까지 계속 관광시설로 사용되던 창경궁은 정부의 복원계획에 따라 1983년 이름을 창경궁으로 환원하고 본격적인 복원작업에 들어갔다. 벚꽃놀이를 위해 심어졌던 수천 그루의 벚꽃 나무를 없애고 소나무와 단풍나무를 심었다. 내가 앉았던 문정전도 그때 복원된 것이다. 문정전은 2006년 방화로 문짝 일부가 훼손되는 수난을 겪기도 했다. 다행히 주변에 있던 관람객이 소화기로 일찍 불을 꺼 큰 화를 면할 수 있었다. 당시 방화범은 집행유예로 풀려났는데, 유예 기간 중 숭례문에 다시 불을 내고 말았다. 


창경궁 복원은 아직도 갈 길이 멀다. 다행히 지금 창경궁과 종묘를 갈랐던 도로는 지하화 작업이 한창이다. 조만간 창경궁과 종묘가 다시 연결돼 조금 더 원래와 가까워진 모습을 볼 수 있을 듯하다 

짧지 않은 시간 동안 두어 명의 외국인과 초등학생이 끼어 있는 한 가족, 그리고 건축공부를 하는 듯한 대학생으로 보이는 세 사람이 지나갔다. 아침 햇살이 만들어내는 그림자가 복도각 기둥 사이에서 서성대고 있었다. 그 사이로 역사 속의 누군가가 헛기침을 하며 불쑥 걸어 나올 것만 같았다. 




조정으로 밀려들어 오는 단체 관람객을 보며 스케치북을 접고 일어섰다. 아내는 열심히 잡초를 뽑고 있으려나. 나는 관람객들 사이를 지나 너른 잔디밭으로 향했다. 잠시 후 사람들의 소란스러움 뒤로, 사라진 전각들의 거대한 무덤 같은 잔디밭이 덤덤한 평온함과 함께 나를 기다리고 있었다.

이장희 일러스트레이터 www.tthat.com




벽산해법수학

Phasellus facilisis convallis metus, ut imperdiet augue auctor nec. Duis at velit id augue lobortis porta. Sed varius, enim accumsan aliquam tincidunt, tortor urna vulputate quam, eget finibus urna est in augue.

댓글 없음:

댓글 쓰기

댓글을 남겨 주세요. (Please leave a comment.)